The classical view is that astrocytes are support cells of neurons and have no direct role in brain information processing. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuron-astrocyte signaling dysfunction may be related to the pathology of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. This has gradually become a hot topic in the study of depression pathogenesis in recent years. This review summarizes the evidence that astrocyte-neuron communication is involved in brain oxidative defense, synaptic plasticity, brain energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and glutamate cycling in depression. Such evidence suggests that dysfunction of astrocyte-neuron communication crosstalk is a major mechanism in the pathogenesis of depression. This review also discusses the recent view that astrocyte-neuron interactions are involved in the pathogenesis of depression, as well as the existing problems in the research, to provide ideas and references for subsequent research.