Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that sense extracellular mechanical and chemical signals, and transmit information into cells by mediating various molecular signaling pathways, which play an important role in development, cell migration, and cell differentiation. In recent years, primary cilia have been found on epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the mouse embryonic palatal process, and the primary cilia themselves and their signaling factors are closely related to palate development. Therefore, this article reviews the recent research progress on the mechanism of palatal dysplasia caused by primary cilia and related signaling pathways to provide new ideas for researchers in the fields of cleft lip and palate.