TRIM46, a relatively novel tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein, consists of two RING fingers, a B- box motif, a coiled-coil region, C-terminal COS, FN3 and B30. 2 / SPRY domains. TRIM46 controls neuronal polarity and axon specification by driving the formation of parallel microtubule arrays. TRIM46 plays a role in tumor proliferation and migration and is also involved in innate immune regulation. The data from Genecards suggested that TRIM46 was highly expressed in the brain, although it was broadly expressed in other human organs. This review focuses on recent studies of TRIM46 protein structure and function. Future research directions and method for gene-edited animals regarding TRIM46 are also predicted and discussed.