Objective To isolate, culture, identify, and analyze the drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria in inflamed lung tissue from a dead rhesus monkey, to determine the drug susceptibility of the bacteria, and to guide proper clinical application of such information. Methods The rhesus monkey was dissected under aseptic conditions. The lung was cut open and then insert focus of infection in the lung with inoculating loop to sampling and inoculating on plating medium. The presence of bacteria was observed, biochemical identification was performed, and eight kinds of antibiotic susceptibility test were carried out. Results Bacterial colonies on SS agar medium were white or ivory white, round,moist, and opaque. After the biochemical identification, the bacterium was identified as Enterobacter cloacae (ID: 99. 9%, T: 0. 71, ID number: 35074753311). The drug sensitivity test showed that the susceptibility of Enterobacter cloacae to eight antimicrobial agents was as follows: ampicillin and cefuroxime, intermediate sensitivity; and norfloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, cefatriaxone, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime, saitivity. The Enterobacter cloacae isolated from rhesus monkey also showed a high risk to Kunming mice. Conclusions We conclude that the rhesus monkey lung was infected with Enterobacter cloacae. Cefoperazone and cefotaxime can be used clinically to treat cases like this in rhesus monkey.