Objective To study the effects of methylene blue and sevoflurane on oxidative stress indexes andinflammatory factors in serum and lung tissue in rats with lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups according to random number table, sham operation group (blank control group),lung ischemia-reperfusion group ( IR control group), methylene blue pretreatment group ( MB group), sevofluranepretreatment group (S group), 15 in each group. After establishing a model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, the ratswere treated respectively, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected in serum and lung tissues.Inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) and oxidative stress indicators such as superoxidedismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP),hemorheology and the effects of lung wet weight and dry weight were assessed. Results The lung wet/ dry mass ratios inthe MB and S groups were significantly higher than that in the sham operation group and significantly lower than that in theIR group ( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in wet/ dry weight ratios between the MB group and the S group( P > 0. 05). The levels of SOD and ATP in the MB and S groups were significantly lower than those in the sham operationgroup and significantly higher than those in the IR group, while MDA and ROS were significantly higher than those in thesham operation group and significantly lower than those in the IR group, all showed statistical significance ( P < 0. 05).There was no significant difference in the indexes of oxidative stress in the MB and S groups ( P > 0. 05). The inflammatoryindex levels of lung tissue and serum in the MB and S groups were significantly higher than those in the sham operationgroup and significantly lower than those in the IR group ( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in inflammatoryindex levels between the MB and S groups ( P > 0. 05). The erythrocyte deformation index, erythrocyte aggregation index,and plasma viscosity in the MB group and S group at the T1 and T2 phases were lower than those in the T0 phase, andthose in the MB group at the T1 and T2 phases were lower than those in the S group ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions Methyleneblue and sevoflurane can improve the index of oxidative stress in the lung tissue, reduce the level of inflammatory factors inthe serum and lung tissue, and improve the edematous state in IR injury rats. However, methylene blue can decrease the blood viscosity more significantly, which can effectively reduce the risk of thrombosis.