Objective To determine the serum cytokine levels in collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA)rats, cold-damp arthralgia rats, and damp-heat arthralgia rats by using antibody arrays. Methods A rheumatoid arthritismodel was established by intracutaneous injection of type II collagen and complete Freund’ s adjuvant (CFA). On thisbasis, cold-damp or damp-heat stimulation was applied to the RA rats in order to replicate cold-damp arthralgia or dampheatdamp-heat arthralgia. Serum cytokine levels in the rats were determined using antibody arrays. Results Comparedwith the normal group, the activin, CNTF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were upregulated, while MIP-3α and MMP-8 weredownregulated in the RA group. The CINC-2α, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ levels were upregulated and MIP-3α wasdownregulated in the cold-damp arthralgia group. ICAM-1 was upregulated, while IFN-γ, MIP-3α, and RAGE weredownregulated in the damp-heat arthralgia group. Compared with those in the RA group, β-NGF, CINC-2α, MMP-8, andPDGF-AA were upregulated, while activin A and TNF-α were downregulated in the cold-damp arthralgia group. MMP-8 wasupregulated, and activin A, CNTF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-6, MIP-3α, RAGE, and TNF-α were downregulated in the dampheatarthralgia group. Compared with the damp-heat arthralgia group, CINC-2α, IFN-γ, IL-1α, MIP-3α, PDGF-AA, andRAGE were upregulated in the cold-damp arthralgia group. Compared with that in the normal group, the ratio of IFN-γ/ IL-4was increased in the RA group and cold-damp arthralgia group, but was decreased significantly in the damp-heat arthralgiagroup. Compared with that in the RA group, the ratio increased in the cold-damp arthralgia group, and decreasedsignificantly in the damp-heat arthralgia group. Conclusions Diseases (RA) and syndromes (cold-damp or damp-heat)have a significant influence on serum cytokine expression profiles in rats, and there are clear differences among different models.