Laboratory animal science is a compulsory course for postgraduates in medicine and aids later professional courses. In addition, it is responsible for training students in animal experiments. It is of great significance for the training of scientific research by students and their practical abilities. The current study focused on the existing problems in laboratory animal science for postgraduates and explored the relationship between teaching, learning, and evaluation in the teaching process. Based on these relationships, the crux of the problems was analyzed. Reformation in laboratory animal science should be combined with the general idea of the national initiative of the “Double First Class”, renew educational concepts, follow educational laws, and deepen the reform of the curriculum system and innovating teaching method with the guidance of strengthening supply-side reform. These measures could form a teaching model suitable for laboratory animal science of postgraduates in our country and improve the ability to cultivate the innovative ability and applications of postgraduates to meet the needs of the social development of students.