Objective This study was designed to investigate the morphology of vascular calcification in aged rats and the expressions of osteopontin and osteocalcin in the arterial wall of old rats. Methods 20 20-month-old SD rats were recruited in experimental group and 20 3-month-old SD rats were recruited in control group. Aorta, heart and kidney of the rats were collected for assay. HE staining and Von Kossa staining were used to determine the vascular calcification. The expressions of OPN and OC in vascular wall were tested by Immuno-histochemistry and Western-blot. Results In the experimental group, vascular smooth muscle cells are disordered arrangement, thickness of membrane layer is increased, elastic plate fracture and the vascular fibrosis is increased. In the control group, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are arranged in neat, elastic plate is complete. In the experimental group, the large artery and small artery were observed the calcium salt deposits. In the control group,arteries were not observed calcium salt deposits. Compared with the control group, the expressions of OPN and OC were significantly increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusions Vascular medial calcification may be pathological features of vascular aging. Vascular calcification may be related with the up-regulated expression of bone-associated protein OPN and OC.