Objective To investigate the role of small RNA 195 (MicroRNA-137), TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) in cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods 16 SHR male rats were randomly divided into intervention group SHR (captopril 10 mg/kg·d) and SHR control group (distilled water), the other 8 Wistar rats were normal control group, rats were given captopril 10 mg/kg·d or distilled water for 8 weeks. Caudal arterial pressure was measured before and after the intervention, intervention after 8 weeks rats were killed by exsanguination, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of rat heart, qRT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of miRNA-137 in rat heart, Western-blot detection of TGF-β1 and Ang Ⅱ, Smad 3, Col-Ⅰand Col-Ⅲ protein. Results Compared to the normal control groups,the miRNA-137,AngⅡ,TGF-β1,Smad3,Col-Ⅰand Col-Ⅲ were higher expressed in SHR treatment group and SHR control groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05); Compared to the SHR control group,the cardiomyocyte of SB group becomes smaller and arranged more closely and orderly,the miRNA-137,AngⅡ,TGF-β1,Smad3,Col-Ⅰand Col-Ⅲ were significantly lower expressed(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions MiRNA-137 may promote SHR cardiac remodeling by up regulation of Ang Ⅱ and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway; the captopril intervention can inhibit miRNA-137 expression.