Objective To explore the co effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the sciatic nerve after injury, and to provide experiment base for clinical application of these factors. Methods 96 rats were divided into normal saline group (NS group), NGF group, bFGF group and NGF+bFGF group at random. The sciatic nerve was incised for 5?mm defect. The two ends of nerve were connected with 1 0?cm length silica gel tube of 2 0?mm bore. Saline, NGF and/or bFGF were injected into tube immediately and injected into muscle once a day (10?ng/100?g weight). Sciatic nerve function index (SFI), motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), muscle evoked action potential (MAP) and regeneration axon counting were detected in the 3?rd, 6?th, 9?th, 12?th week postinjury. Results Three weeks after injury, there were different degree regeneration of nerve tissue in the silica gel tube. The results of SFI, MCV, MAP and regeneration axon counting in NGF+bFGF group was higher than those in the other groups. Conclusion The co effect of NGF and bFGF on sciatic nerve is better than the effect of NGF or bFGF alone.