【Abstract】 Objective To establish an efficient and stable model of pelvic inflammatory disease in rats by non-surgical method and evaluate its application in pharmacodynamic test. Methods Female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group treated with phenol for 7 days, model group treated with phenol for 10 days, Chinese medicine treatment group with phenol modeling, model group with low concentration of bacterials, model group with high concentration of bacterias and Chinese medicine treatment group with bacterial modeling. SD rats in model group or treatment group were injected with 25% phenol gel, 2×107 or 2×108 Escherichia coli and Staphylostreptococcus aureus mixture by non-surgical method to construct the rat model of pelvic inflammatory disease. The rats in the treatment group were gavaged with Qingpen Huoxue decoction, and the rats in the control group were given the same volume of solvent solution at the same time. The health status, weight change and uterine appearance of rats were observed. The uterine coefficient was calculated. HE staining was used to detect pathological changes of uterus and fallopian tube, endometrial thickness and number of glands. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Macrophage marker CD68 protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of TLR4/NF-KB pathway-related proteins in the uterus of rats was detected by western blotting. Results The mortality rate in the model group was only 5%. Compared with the control group, the body weight of rats decreased, uterine coefficient increased, pathological changes of uterus and fallopian tube appeared in different degrees, endometrium thinned, the number of glands decreased, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and the number of macrophages in uterine tissue increased significantly, and TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway was activated. The 7-day phenol model and low-concentration bacterial solution model were judged to be mild pelvic inflammatory disease model, and the 10-day phenol model and high-concentration bacterial solution model were judged to be severe pelvic inflammatory disease model. After the treatment of Chinese patent medicine--Jingangteng, the pathological symptoms of uterus and fallopian tube were obviously relieved, which was in line with the efficacy evaluation of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease. Conclusion The rat model of pelvic inflammatory disease established by using phenol and mixed bacterial solution in non-surgical method can better simulate the different pathological states of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by different causes, which is suitable for drug efficacy evaluation and elucidating the pathological mechanism of pelvic inflammatory disease.