Cardiovascular disease is still an important cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Mitochondria are considered key organelles in cardiac physiology, accounting for 1/3 of the volume of cardiomyocytes. They are not only the power plant of cardiomyocytes, but also the center of signal transmission, which determines the survival and death of cells, and are potential targets for improving cardiac function. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria are closely related to cell activities such as apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid metabolism, so mitochondrial damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The purpose of this review is to elucidate the effects of mitochondrial damage (such as mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics) on cardiomyocytes.