Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury caused by the direct or indirect effects of external factors that result in structural or functional loss of brain tissue. Astrocytes, as homeostatic cells of the central nervous system, proliferate and activate rapidly in the early stages of TBI, and participate in a series of pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, glial scarring, and excitotoxicity after injury, and play a crucial role in the secondary neurological injury of TBI. This paper reviews the role of astrocytes in the repair of TBI damage with the aim of providing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of TBI.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of craniocerebral injurious disease caused by external force that results in structural destruction of brain tissue and physiological dysfunction, with high morbidity, high disability, high mortality and high treatment burden, for which there has not yet been an effective therapeutic measure. Astrocytes, as homeostatic cells of the central nervous system, are rapidly proliferated and activated in the early stages of TBI to participate in a series of pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, glial scarring, excitotoxicity and other pathological processes after injury, and play a crucial role in the secondary neurological injury of TBI. The article focuses on the role of astrocytes in the pathological damage of TBI and reviews the research progress of astrocyte-targeted drugs, aiming to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of TBI.