Objective To assess the feasibility of establishing a nude mouse model of endometriosis fibrosis of human origin and to determine whether endometrial mesenchymal stem cells are involved in inducing endometriosis fibrosis. Methods Four endometrial tissue specimens were collected and transplanted 1∶3 into 12 BABL/c nude mice by subcutaneous injection. The morphology and volume of the lesions were recorded, and the nude mice were executed on the 15th day after transplantation to observe the morphology of the lesions and their adhesion to the periphery of the abdominal wall, and HE staining was used to judge the results of modelling, Masson staining was used to assess the extent of fibrosis, and immunofluorescence was used to track the role of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells in the fibrotic process of endometriosis. Results The volume of ectopic lesions in nude mice increased over time, showing restricted, vesicular-like changes, with tight adhesion to the abdominal wall, endometrioid glands and collagen fiber deposition were seen microscopically, the success rate of modelling was 83.4%, and the collagen fiber volume fraction of the lesions was significantly higher after modelling (P<0.01), confocal imaging suggested that endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (SUSD2+) could differentiate into myofibroblasts (α-SMA+) in vivo. Conclusion The nude mice model established by the method of human allogeneic subcutaneous injection transplantation is consistent with the lesion characteristics of endometriosis fibrosis, which is simple and feasible, in addition to the in vivo observation that endometrial mesenchymal stem cells are involved in inducing the formation of endometriosis fibrosis, and it provides a better model reference for the further investigation of its pathogenesis.