Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as "ovarian insufficiency", has a high incidence of 1%-5%, and has been on the rise in recent years, which has seriously affected women's physical and mental health and quality of life. At present, the cause and mechanism of POI are still unclear, and the methods and applications of model construction are also confusing, and most models have some shortcomings in pertinence and stability. This also greatly limits the related research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of POI. Therefore, this paper summarizes and discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of POI and the construction of POI animal models, in order to provide more reference for the study of POI etiology and pathogenesis and the selection and construction of models.