Severe asthma (SA), which requires high doses of glucocorticoids in combination with other medications to maintain symptom control or is uncontrollable even with these treatments, is currently a challenge in the clinical management of asthma. The establishment of a stable and reproducible experimental animal model that highly mimics the pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of patients with severe asthma is a key fundamental link in deepening the study on the pathogenesis of severe asthma, identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs. This paper reviews the experimental studies related to the construction of animal models of severe asthma in the past 10 years, and summarizes the recent progress in the establishment and evaluation of animal models of severe asthma from three aspects: animal selection, animal model construction protocols, and model pathological phenotypes. To summarize and analyze the latest progress in the construction of SA animal models, and provide a reference for SA basic research based on animal models.