Vascular dementia (VD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by brain injury. Research on the processes leading to its occurrence is lacking depth. In recent years, it has been proposed that regulatory cell death (RCD) mechanisms, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, are related to the pathological mechanisms of VD. Therefore, studies aiming to explain the links between the mechanisms of regulatory death and the pathology of VD would be beneficial to our understanding of VD. This article provides a review of the roles of five mechanisms of RCD in VD and summarizes the recent progress made in researching the treatment of VD with traditional Chinese medicine, providing a resource for the development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.