Laboratory animals have played an important role in human health developments. Advocating the ethics and welfare of laboratory animals is a dual manifestation of technological progress and human civilization, and establishing an ethical review of laboratory animal welfare is an effective guarantee for achieving their welfare. Although the regulation of animal welfare ethics in China has developed rapidly in recent years, there are still many problems that need to be addressed. This article considers the understanding and recognition of the ethical concepts related to the welfare of laboratory animals. It summarizes and discusses some issues discovered during the ethical review of laboratory animal welfare in medical research, and puts forward personal suggestions for exchange and mutual reference.