Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a 1470 nm semiconductor laser therapeutic instrument (referred to as a curestar therapeutic instrument) for prostatectomy in Beagle dogs. Methods Twenty-eight adult male Beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups: sham ( n = 3), experimental ( n = 15), and control ( n = 10). The experimental group was further divided into three subgroups: 120 W/ 50 W, 150 W/ 50 W, and 160 W/ 50 W for vaporization cutting / coagulation hemostasis. The control group was divided into two subgroups: 120 W/ 50 W and 150 W/50 W with five in each subgroup. Experimental and control groups underwent canine prostatectomy through the entrance of the bladder neck under electrocision. The operational suitability and effectiveness of the product during surgery were assessed. After the operation, the general condition of the dogs was observed, and blood biochemical and hematological indicators were measured before, immediately after, and at 3, 7, and 28 days after the operation. At 1 h and 4 weeks after surgery, B-ultrasound and electric resection were performed under anesthesia to observe the conditions of the urethra and prostate, and prostatic tissue was subjected to HE staining for pathological observations. The thickness of the coagulation layer at 1 h after the operation and repair of the urothelial epithelium at 4 weeks were analyzed. Results During the operation, experimental and control groups had good operability and showed good vaporization cutting and coagulation hemostasis performance. After the operation, no significant effects were observed on the general condition, and blood biochemical and hematological indicators of the dogs. Ultrasound showed that the urethral expansion was visible immediately after the operation, and the echo of the urethral epithelium was slightly enhanced. At 4 weeks, the prostate tissue had a slightly low echo with uniformly distributed small point-like echoes inside, and the capsule had a linearly high echo, consistent with the sham group. The weight of the vaporized prostate tissue in experimental and control groups was 0. 91 ~1. 33 g with a resection rate of 17. 11% ~ 20. 27 %. As the power of vaporization cutting increased, the laser emission time gradually decreased, while the vaporization cutting speed and efficiency both increased. However, no significant difference was found between experimental and control groups ( P>0. 05). Under the electrocision microscope, a burn-like change was observed in the surgical wounds of the prostate urethra in experimental and control groups at 1 h after surgery, and the boundary between the wound and normal urothelium was visible. At 4 weeks, the urothelium of the prostate had been repaired and flattened, and the boundary with the surrounding normal urothelium was blurred. Similarly, pathological observations showed that experimental and control groups had significant damage to the prostate urethral orifice at 1 h after surgery with a small amount of carbonization and coagulative necrosis on the surface of the wound, a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, and a coagulation layer thickness of approximately 0. 4 mm. At 4 weeks, the prostate urethral morphology of the sham group was normal, whereas experimental and control groups showed new epithelial growth covering the wound with a uniform thickness and no coagulative necrosis tissue attached to the wound. A mild inflammatory reaction was still present in the surrounding area, fibroblast proliferation was obvious, and stromal and epithelial cell proliferation was visible in the surrounding prostate, some of which showed squamous metaplasia. The prostate capsule was intact and the morphology of the surrounding nerves and blood vessels was normal. Conclusions The curestar therapy instrument is effective for prostatectomy in Beagle dogs with good vaporization cutting and coagulation hemostasis performance. No significant difference was found in postoperative physiological indicators compared with the sham group.