Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by an immune response to factors in the intestinal environment. Dysregulation of the gut microflora ( GM) may lead to inflammation. Studies suggest that fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary treatments may reshape the GM and treat the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in physiological processes, including cell development, proliferation, and apoptosis. Additionally, miRNAs are important for inflammatory processes and play a role in regulating pro- and antiinflammatory pathways. MiRNA profiles may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers for IBD. The relationship between miRNAs and GM has not been fully elucidated, and recent studies have demonstrated their roles in regulating GM and inducing ecological dysbiosis. In turn, GM regulates miRNA expression and improves intestinal homeostasis. It is important to continue exploring this relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota and miRNAs in IBD and identify possible precision-targeted therapies for IBD.