Astrocytes (AS) are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system. Alterations in their phenotype are particularly important for the health of the CNS. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling, are closely linked to alterations in AS proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and other phenotypic features, but how these mechanisms function needs to be explored and summarized. By reviewing the recent advances in the role of epigenetic mechanisms in AS under various physiological and pathological states, we aim to provide new ideas for the understanding and treatment of related diseases.