Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii infection, which is widespread in nature.Animal models are important to study the etiology and pathogenesis of infectious diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines. In recent years, various animal models, such as invertebrates, rodents, and non-human primates, have been used to study Q fever. This article summarizes the research status of Q fever animal models, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and summarizes the requirements and standards of future modeling studies.