Neural loops are formed by interconnections between neurons through synaptic structures, which are the basic units of information transmission and processing in the brain and play an important role in the regulation of neural functions. After stroke, neural connections between the infarct and peri-infarct regions and the remote area are damaged, resulting in patients being at risk of neurological dysfunction or even disability. However, with advances in detection technology, an increasing number of studies are demonstrating that patients with stroke can undergo some functional recovery during the chronic phase, possibly via a mechanism related to the re-establishment of synaptic connections and neural circuits. Therefore, the development of specific technology to identify and manipulate neuronal activity patterns, as well as the use of high-resolution temporal and spatial imaging strategies to decipher these neurological processes, will allow us to understand the whole-brain network dynamics of stroke recovery and the mechanisms by which neural loop reestablishment occurs. Furthermore, we may be able to neurobiologically comprehend the closed-loop mechanisms that underlie the development of stroke pathology and their relationship to behavioral outcomes. Current technologies used for studying neural circuits include optogenetics, chemical genetics, in vivo calcium imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This article introduces the working principles of these four major technologies and focuses on summarizing the result of their respective application in resolving neural remodeling after stroke. We briefly analyze the application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages, and future development trends of each technique. This paper will help clinical and basic researchers to use these technologies to discover new therapeutic strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies.