Objective To establish a modified rat model of severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock ( STHS) and explore the protective effect of anesthesia on the development of STHS in a rat model. Methods Forty adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The normal group was anesthetized with catheterization of the bilateral femoral artery and left femoral vein, and the rats waiting for consciousness or maintenance of anesthesia were divided into the conscious control group (CC, n = 10) and the anesthetic control group (AC, n = 10). The rats that suffer from severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock experience an open wound of the abdominal white line 5 cm with 50% bloodletting, and than, they were separated into two groups: the conscious traumatic hemorrhagic shock group (CTHS) and the anesthetic trauma hemorrhagic shock group (ATHS, n = 10). The general physiological conditions of rats in each group were observed, and the following hemodynamic indexes of experimental rats were continuously monitored: mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and maximum rise / fall rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp / dtmax). Arterial blood gas indexes, including pH value, the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO² ), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO² ), hemoglobin concentration (ctHb), lactic acid (Lac), blood glucose (Glu), bicarbonate concentration ( cHCO³ - ), and base excess (BE), were also measured. At the end of the experiment, HE staining was performed to observe heart, liver, lung, and kidney injury in the rats. Results There were significant differences in the changes in HR and ±dp / dtmax with time in CTHS and ATHS groups (P < 0. 01), whereas HR and ±dp / dtmax decreased at first (T1) and then increased or stabilized (T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) in the CTHS group. After shock, the MAP in the ATHS group showed a gradual upward trend and finally returned to the normal level of 25%-40%, while that in the CTHS group decreased rapidly after the compensatory growth period. In CTHS and ATHS groups, PH, PaCO² , ctHb, cHCO³ - , and BE gradually decreased, and except for PH and ctHb, the decreases in the CTHS group were significantly higher than those in the ATHS group (P < 0. 01). Glu, Lac, and PaO2 showed a gradual upward trend, and the amplitude of the increase in the CTHS group was significantly higher than that in the ATHS group (P < 0. 01). The degree of liver, heart, lung, and kidney injury in the ATHS group was significantly lower than that in the CTHS group. Conclusions Anesthesia exhibits a protective effect on the development of severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock in rats, which can improve hemodynamics, reduce the accumulation of respiration and metabolites, and limit the degree of organ injury.