Inflammatory diseases account for a high proportion of all diseases in animals, including infectious and immune diseases. In vivo experiments are required to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of disease occurrence and development and to find better preventive and therapeutic approaches. Mouse models are widely used for this purpose because of their relatively low cost, short feeding cycle, easy handling, and genetic and physiological similarities with human. In this context, we review research progress into the creation of mouse models of inflammation, pneumonia, colitis, and mastitis, as a reference for subsequent research.