Objective Based on data mining, we analyzed the medicinal characteristics of Chinese medicine in regulating oxidative stress in the body to provide a reference for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods Using the advanced retrieval method , taking “oxidative stress” as the subject word, all research documents on antioxidative stress in the CNKI and Wanfang databases were retrieved, totaling 478 documents, 123 of which were valid documents. Composition information was extracted. Frequency and factor analyses were performed on the selected studies using Excel 2012 and IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. All Chinese medicines and their components that have an antioxidative stress role were summarized, and the medicinal characteristics and compatibility laws of antioxidative stress Chinese medicines were analyzed. Results A total of 123 documents meeting the standards were summarized, including 108 traditional Chinese medicines, 74 clinical medicines, and 67 experimental documents. There are 50 types of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, 35 clinically used active ingredients, and 30 types of experimental documents. The drugs with a higher frequency of clinical use were Salvia miltiorrhiza ( 12 times, 7. 89%), Astragalus membranaceus ( 11 times, 7. 24%), Salvia miltiorrhiza ( 21 times, 8. 61%), and Rheum officinale ( 15 times, 6. 15%). Bitter ( 40 times, 33. 90%) and pungent (32 times, 27. 12%) were the main clinical drugs. The drug properties were mostly han xing (22 times, 29. 33%) and wen xing (31 times, 41. 33%); meridian tropism was mainly concentrated in gan jing (40 times, 22. 99%), pi jing (36 times, 20. 69%), ku wei (31 times, 31. 31%), and gan wei (36 times, 36. 36%) among experimental drugs. The drug properties were mostly han xing ( 25 times, 37. 31%) and wen xin ( 21 times, 31. 31%); meridian tropism was mainly concentrated in gan jing (31 times, 18. 67%), fei jing (26 times, 15. 66%). and pi jing (24 times, 14. 46%). Clinical drug efficacy classification included mainly deficiency-tonifying drugs ( 14 times, 18. 92%) and blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs (12 times, 16. 22%), while experimental drug efficacy classification included mainly deficiency- tonifying drugs (20 times, 29. 85%) and heat-clearing drugs (15 times, 22. 39%). In the association rule analysis of the top 20 traditional Chinese medicines used clinically, it was found that there were seven combinations of drug pairs with the highest association intensity, and seven factors were extracted by factor analysis. Conclusions In antioxidative stress research for the clinical treatment of COVID-19, licorice, astragalus root, Poria cocos, atractylodes rhizome, pinellia tuber, Scutellaria baicalensis, and bupleurum root are frequently used, while resveratrol and puerarin have more significant antioxidant stress effects.