Objective To screen and optimize microsatellite primers of the laboratory domestic ferret and analyze its population genetic diversity. Methods A total of 30 domestic ferrets were randomly chosen and their genomic DNA was extracted from blood using Easy Pure Blood Genomic DNA Kit; subsequently, microsatellite DNA was amplified by standard polymerase chain reaction. The products of amplification were tested by STR scanning after 2% agarose gel and 6% PAGE electrophoresis. Data processing and genetic analysis were completed using Popgene 1. 32 software. Results A total of 21 pairs of microsatellite loci showed genetic polymorphism and 49 alleles were detected. The number of alleles was 1 -4, with an average of 2. 3. The average observed heterozygosity was 0. 3216, the average expected heterozygosity was0. 3394, the average Xianglong index was 1. 0768, and polymorphic information was 0. 5485. Conclusions We analyzed 21 pairs of microsatellite primers for laboratory domestic ferret, PCR amplification steady, microsatellite primers were shown as polymorphism and in the expected value range, and there was no significant deviation from Hardy?Weinberg equilibrium.