Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as a new vertebrate model organism, has been widely used in human disease research in recent years, especially in the study of human bone diseases. The zebrafish models show some advantages, such as expression of disease-related genes and application in pharmacodynamic screening and evaluation, etc. It is also of great practical significance for the traditional medicine, which has a characteristic efficacy in the treatment of bone diseases. This paper reviews the research and application of zebrafish in research on bone diseases such as osteoporosis, fracture, osteoarthritis, and so on, aiming to provide some inspiration for the future clinically relevant research.