There are many ways to establish animal models of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, such as intraperitoneal or intravenous injection, genetic defect animal models, the use of chemical drugs, and injection of bilirubin into cerebellomedullary cistern, and so on. In order to study the etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia through animal models,we review the literature on rodent and primate models of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,including establishment of models and their applications, in order to provide reference for the research of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.