The provenances of Rongshui miniature pigs (RMPs) were purchased from Rongshui, Guangxi, in 2012. 130 RMPs were transported to Sanshui, Guangdong,China, which were breed according to the laboratory animal standards. 83 RMPs were selected randomly from the first filial generations (F1). The basic data were collected including breed characteristics, reproductive performance, grow curve, hematology, biochemical markers of serum and urine, organ coefficient, Chromosome analysis. According to the national and local standards, the quality control standards of RMP were set up including microbiological, parasitic, environment and facilities, fodder, pathology, genetic. The results showed that RMPs adapt to the climate of Guangdong. The natural mating and conceive rate was 88.3% with the pregnancy of 112 days. The average number of firstborn and still-born was 6.1 and 7.9 respectively. RMP was small body size with the adult body weight of 17.21±5.20 kg and 16.35±5.23 kg in female and male respectively. RMP was very tame. The mitochondrial genome analysis suggested RMP belonged a typical miniature pig breed in China, which is ancient than Lanyu pig. RMP could be breed as a new kind of laboratory animal.