Objective To offer the help for exploring the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of anaphylactoid purpura through detection of blood immunological indexes in rat and rabbit models, and comparation with changes of blood indexes in pediatric patients.Methods Establishment of rat and rabbit models; For anaphylactoid purpura, then take symptom observation and histopathological analysis; Blood routine tests; Detection of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α; white cells surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8; immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgE, and complements C3 and C4 contents in rat, rabbit and pediatric patients. Results Rats and rabbits models manifested different degrees of skin Petechiae, and gastrointestinal, joint and kidney also showed various degrees of inflammatory reaction; Compared with the control group, rats and rabbits of model group and patients presented increased number of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEU) and percentage (NEU%), lymphocytes (LYM) and percentage (LYM%) decreased, normal count of (platelet) TLP at acute phase; serum CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was decreased, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio were decreased, and TNF-α, IL-4 increased; serum immunoglobulin IgA level elevated, C3,C4 decreased, all had statistically significant differences between the two groups. But these indexes changed in different degrees, serum IL-2, IgG, IgE changes were not the same. Conclusions Hematological changes of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in rat and rabbit models were similar to humans. These results will provide a valuable basis for clarifying pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of HSP.