Peripheral nerve injury is a major disease. Because the injury and repair mechanisms of the disease are unclear, its treatment is poor. Therefore, peripheral nerve injury has become a difficult point for orthopedics doctors. In recent years, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 ( PTEN) has been widely studied to repair peripheral nerve injury. Here, we review the mechanism of PTEN in regulating synaptic regeneration, inflammatory and immune responses, neuronal apoptosis, neurotrophic related factors, and NF-κB, PI3K/ AKT/ mTOR and Jak / Stat signaling pathways during the repair of peripheral nerve injury to facilitate research.