Microglia, which are innate immune cells in the brain, play an irreplaceable role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The M1 / M2 model has previously been used to explain the function of microglia. However, advances in technology, especially in cell transcriptome genomics, i. e., proteomics, have enabled a more comprehensive understanding of microglia. Disease-related microglia, one of the subtypes established from the perspective of the cell transcriptome, is of great significance for the construction of new subtypes of microglia. Indeed, this subtype may facilitate the prediction of many new AD risk sites in future research.