Objective In vitro cell experiments were conducted to study the proliferation-inhibition and apoptosis effects of five species of Ferula from Xinjiang and several polar regions on human colon cancer HCT 116 cells, and an in vivo study examined the effects of five species of Ferula from Xinjiang on colon cancer CT-26 mice. Methods Human colon cancer HCT 116 cells were treated with five species of Ferula from Xinjiang and several polar regions. The optical density absorbance was measured by MTT method , the proliferation-inhibiting rate was calculated, and the cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. A BALB/ c colon cancer CT-26 mice tumor model was established and randomly divided into a normal, model, cisplatin and Ferula species high-dose and low-dose groups. On the 11th day, the mice were sacrificed, the tumor, spleen, kidneys, and thymus were removed, and the organ index and tumor inhibition rate of each group were calculated. Results For HCT 116 cells, the inhibitory IC₅₀ values of Ferula ferulaeoides, F. songorica, and F. sinkiangensis were 26. 06, 28. 31 and 42. 27 μg / mL, respectively, while the inhibitory effect of F. krylovii was weak, with an IC₅₀ of 131. 61 μg / mL. F. conocaula had the weakest inhibitory effect, with an IC₅₀ of 261. 77 μg / mL. Petroleum ether, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate extracts of F. songorica had obvious inhibitory effect on HCT 116 cells, but the water-saturated n-butanol extract had only a weak inhibitory effect, and the water extract had almost no inhibitory effect. Among the five species of Ferula found in Xinjiang, F. songorica had the best apoptotic effect on HCT 116 cells. Compared with the normal group, colon cancer CT-26 mice treated with Ferula tended to have decreased spleen, kidney, and thymus weights and organ index, which is consistent with the positive-control cisplatin drug group. In terms of tumor inhibition effect, the tumor inhibition rates of F. songorica high- and low-dose groups were 61. 73% and 67. 40%, respectively. Conclusions The anti-tumor effect of F. songorica is promising and worthy of further study.