Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru (MCM) on a high -fat diet rat model, and to provide modern pharmacological evidence for the traditional effects (known as warming the stomach and strengthening the spleen from dampness) of MCM. Methods The high-fat model was established by providing a high-fat diet to rats, which were divided into a model group ( distilled water), low- dose (0.2 mg / kg) MCM group and high-dose (1 mg / kg) MCM group. The MCM was administered for 8 weeks, and a normal control group (distilled water) received a normal diet. Body weights, blood routine biochemical and physiological indicators, energy metabolism, gastrointestinal function, the immune inflammatory response, and small intestinal propulsion of each group were compared by statistical analysis. Data from each group was compared to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of MCM on the high-fat model and the effect of MCM on stomach warming and spleen dampness. Results The experimental results showed that the aqueous extract of MCM had a significant effect on reducing the body weight and lipid levels of hyperlipidemic rats. Compared with the control group, the small intestine propulsion speed, intestinal moisture content, and gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) levels were reduced in the model group. Compared with the model group, the intestinal propulsion rate, intestinal water content, and serum GAS and MTL levels showed a dose- dependent increase in MCM-treated rats, with a significant difference in small intestine propulsion (P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, serum sodium potassium pump and amylase (AMS) vitalities were reduced, and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) concentration increased, in the model group, but only AMS activity was significantly different ( P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, serum Na⁺ -K⁺-ATPase and AMS activity increased with an increasing dose of MCM, and the content of AQP2 increased but decreased with the increase of dose. The change in AMS activity was significantly different (P< 0.05). Conclusions The aqueous extract of MCM can significantly promote small intestine propulsion in hyperlipidemic rats, regulate gastrointestinal function, and significantly improve the activity of AMS. Additionally, MCM can improve some symptoms, including MTL, GAS and related biochemical and immune functions, of hyperlipidemia in rats.