As in vivo research material with a clear genetic background and microbiological quality control, laboratory animals are indispensable strategic resources for life science innovation, transformation of pharmaceutical achievements, and development of the agricultural industry. In recent years, various departments and localities have made great efforts to strengthen experimental animal science and technology innovation capacity building, established a sound scientific research team, undertaken large-scale scientific research projects, and established a number of provincial-level key laboratories and engineering (technical) research centers. However, there is still a lack of high-level innovation teams and state-level scientific and technological innovation facilities, such as national key laboratories and national engineering (technical) research centers. Innovation capacity is the basic supporting condition of the platform & base for experimental animal science and technology innovation and industrial development. Under the guidance of the Basic Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, we conducted research on the Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine for Human Diseases, National Health Commission, the Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of New and Recurring Infectious Diseases, and the Level-Ⅲ Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Beijing Human Diseases Experimental Animal Model Engineering Technology Research Center and laboratory animal resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences to further understand the effectiveness of China’ s experimental animal science and technology innovation capacity, and found that it generally involves insufficient innovation and scientific research at the source. There are various issues, including a shortage of funds and lack of high-level talent. It also put forward proposals for strengthening top-level design, implementing management reforms, strengthening investment and capacity building, establishing talent teams, and improving open sharing levels for reference.