Objective To study the age-related changes in SVZ gene expression of 3-week-old, 6-month-old, and 20-month-old mice. Methods RNA was extracted from the SVZ of mice at the three ages. The difference in gene expression of SVZ at the different ages was detected by RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with the levels in young mice, 253 differentially expressed genes were detected in adult mice and 519 in old mice. Compared with the levels in adult mice, 147 differentially expressed genes were detected in old mice. GO analysis found that the differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in nutrition and metabolism in adult mice compared with young, and central nervous system neuron differentiation among others in old mice compared with adult mice. KEGG analysis found that the differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, among others. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG pathways analyses. Conclusions This study provides basic data on the changes of gene transcription levels with age in the SVZ, and also provides a new theoretical basis for treatment and resistance to nerve aging in the future.