Vascular adventitia is an active participant in atherosclerosis, and its role in the occurrence anddevelopment of atherosclerosis cannot be ignored. Prior to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, inflammatory responsessuch as inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation and migration, and vasa vasorum proliferation appeared in thevascular adventitia, which may initiate or accelerate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. In this article,changes and effects of vascular tissue and cell components in the formation and development of atherosclerosis, as well as progress for atherosclerosis animal models based on adventitia inflammation, were reviewed.