Objective To establish and evaluate a rat model of endometriosis with pelvic adhesions. Methods To establish a rat model of endometriosis and pelvic adhesions by autologous transplantation of endometrial tissue to the mesenterium. After modeled, eight rats were randomly selected for examination at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine Classification of Endometriosis and Haber Adhesion Score were used to evaluate the pelvic adhesions. At the same time, the lesions and surrounding peritoneal adhesions were taken for pathological examination using HE staining. The tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) content was detected at 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. Results The two adhesion scoring methods showed that typical pelvic adhesions were formed 5 days after modeling. Compared with the blank control group and the sham operation group, the tPA content in the pelvic adhesions of the model group was significantly decreased after 5 days (P< 0.01), and increased at 28 days after model establishment, but still significantly lower than that of the blank control group and sham operation group (P< 0.01). Conclusions The autologous transplantation method is successfully used to establish a rat model of pelvic adhesions of endometriosis in the mesenterium. The model is matured at 5 days after surgery. The tPA is correlated with the formation of pelvic adhesions of endometriosis.