Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high mortality worldwide. Its occurrence and development are closely related to oxidative stress. At present, vascular recanalization is mainly used to restore cerebral blood circulation in clinical practice. However, this therapy may also cause cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and further aggravate neurological damage. The single-target treatment strategy of modern medicine has certain limitations, which makes the overall intervention advantages of multi-component, multi-channel and multi-target of traditional Chinese medicine increasingly valued. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of oxidative stress involved in the pathological process of IS by mediating inflammatory response, affecting the function of neurovascular units, regulating key signaling pathways, destroying the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, inducing apoptosis and regulating autophagy. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have carried out extensive research on traditional Chinese medicine monomers and active ingredients, traditional Chinese medicine compound and traditional Chinese patent medicine intervention, it IS confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine has good potential in improving clinical symptoms and neurological function recovery. Based on the perspective of oxidative stress, this paper aims to summarize the mechanism of action and clinical research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention,, so as to provide theoretical reference and research ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of the disease and the development of new drugs. Follow-up studies should focus on elucidating the mechanism of multi-component synergistic anti-oxidative stress of traditional Chinese medicine, constructing a sequential treatment scheme of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and carrying out high-quality clinical evidence research, it provides accurate prediction models, timing optimization strategies and high-level evidence-based medical evidence for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, promotes the transformation of basic research results into clinical practice, and provides new strategies for the prevention and treatment of IS.