Objective: To study the effects of radiation on the morphology, function, and NLRP3 expression of mouse salivary gland tissue, and provide new ideas for repairing radiation-induced damage to salivary gland tissue. Methods: To establish a mouse model of radiation-induced submandibular gland injury and record the weight of drinking water. Salivary flow rate was detected, HE staining was used to observe the submandibular gland injury and Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the radiation-induced submandibular gland injury of mice at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after radiation. Results: With the accumulation of time, the amount of water consumed by the radiation group mice gradually increased, the salivary flow rate decreased, and inflammatory cells in the submandibular gland continued to increase. acinar cells gradually showed lesions such as nuclear pyknosis and vacuolization. At 7 and 14 days after radiation, the expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein and gene in the radiation group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Radiation can induce damage to mouse submandibular gland tissue and activate NLRP3 inflammasome to increase its expression level.