Pyroptosis is a programmed mode of death, and activated aspartase-1 (caspase-1) can induce the occurrence of pyroptosis, promoting the release of inflammatory factors. In recent years, studies have found that pyroptosis may be closely related to the occurrence, development and outcome of atherosclerosis. This article reviews the relevant studies of endothelial cells pyroptosis, vascular smooth muscle cells pyroptosis and macrophages pyroptosis in the development of atherosclerosis, aiming to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.