Objective To observe expression of ferroptosis-related factors in an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model, and investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis in the pathological process of chronic kidney disease. Methods Twenty rats were randomly divided into a control group (Con) and model group (CKD). The CKD model was established by 2. 5% adenine gavage. All rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected to measure serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr). HE staining was performed to observe renal pathological changes. Masson staining was performed to observe interstitial fibrosis of renal tubules. Iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione(GSH) concentrations were measured. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of iron ferroptosisrelated proteins including systemic Xc- subunit SLC7A11, peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and iron metabolism-related proteins including transferrin receptor 1 (TFR-1), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), ferritin light chain (FTL), and membrane iron transporter protein (FPN). Correlations between iron, MDA and GSH levels and interstitial renal fibrosis were analyzed. Results Compared with the Con group, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly increased in the CKD group (P<0. 05). HE and Masson staining showed significant tubular dilatation and interstitial fibrosis. Iron and MDA concentrations were significantly increased (P<0. 05), and the GSH concentration was significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that, 4-HNE protein expression was significantly increased and GPX4 protein expression was significantly decreased in the CKD group compared with the Con group. Western blot showed that SLC7A11, GPX4, TFR-1, and FPN protein expression was significantly decreased, while FTH and FTL expression was significantly increased compared with the Con group. Correlation analysis indicated that iron and MDA concentrations were positively correlated to the relative area (%) of renal fibrosis, and the GSH concentration was negatively correlated with them. Conclusions Ferroptosis is present in the adenine-induced CKD rat model and may be involved in renal fibrosis progression in CKD via the GSH-GPX4 axis.