Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Under physiological conditions, glutamate plays an important role in signal transduction. Under pathological conditions, abnormal accumulation of extracellular glutamate can easily cause a series of excitotoxic injuries such as cytoxic edema, degeneration and death of neurons, leading to various nervous system diseases such as Parkinson’ s disease, Alzheimer’ s disease, epilepsy, retinal damage, and hearing loss. Glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) is one of the main excitatory glutamate transporters that maintains the concentration of glutamate at the optimal extracellular level, which prevents glutamate from accumulating in the synaptic space to produce excitotoxicity. This review clarifies the research progress of GLAST in nervous system diseases to understand GLAST-related mechanisms.