In May 2022, more than 100 cases of Monkeypox were identified in several countries, triggering an outbreak warning by the World Health Organization. Monkeypox virus and Smallpox virus belong to the same genus, and the typical clinical manifestation is a rash and a mortality rate of 1% ~ 10%. The sudden outbreak of Monkeypox has aroused concern worldwide, and the demand for an animal model for evaluating the efficiency of vaccines and drugs, as well as understanding its mechanisms of virology, immunology, and pathology, is urgent. In this paper, the common models using cynomolgus monkey, prairie dogs, squirrel, Gambian pouched rats, dormouse, marmoset, mouse, and rabbit were reviewed by focusing on the selection of animal species, infection route and dose, and characteristics of virology and pathology. The application of these animal models in studies on pathogenesis, transmission, and the evaluation of vaccines and drugs are introduced to provide references for the development and application of animal models for Monkeypox.