The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound impact on human health, economics, and social development. This disease has been extremely difficult to prevent and control because of its strong infectivity and rapid transmission, along with the constant emergence of mutant strains of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Drugs are an important measure for the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. At present, there are no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs approved for clinical use. There have been many studies on antiviral drug targets guided by present understanding of the characteristics and mechanism of coronavirus pathogenesis. This review discusses the current research status of drugs targeting coronavirus Spike protein, ribonucleic acid ( RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like proteinase, as well as Traditional Chinese Medicine against coronaviruses; it details the pharmacodynamic basis for the prevention and treatment of coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, by these drugs and provides a reference for their subsequent clinical application.